GATE 2025 — Electronics & Communication (EC)

Aptitude + EC Subjects65 Questions100 Marks
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Sections: Aptitude Networks Analog Digital
Q1. General Aptitude
The difference between the largest 4-digit number and the smallest 3-digit number is:
A. 8999
B. 9899
C. 9899
D. 9999
Correct Answer: C
9999 - 100 = 9899.
Q2. General Aptitude
If a train running at 72 km/h crosses a pole in 10 s, the length of train is:
A. 100 m
B. 150 m
C. 200 m
D. 250 m
Correct Answer: C
Speed = 72×(5/18) = 20 m/s. Length = 20×10 = 200 m.
Q3. General Aptitude
Find the next term: 3, 9, 27, 81, ?
A. 162
B. 189
C. 243
D. 324
Correct Answer: C
Geometric progression with ratio 3: 3⁵ = 243.
Q4. General Aptitude
A man buys a book for ₹500 and sells it for ₹600. Profit percentage is:
A. 10%
B. 20%
C. 15%
D. 25%
Correct Answer: B
Profit = 100, CP = 500. Profit% = 100/500 × 100 = 20%.
Q5. General Aptitude
Which word is opposite in meaning to "Benevolent"?
A. Kind
B. Generous
C. Malevolent
D. Charitable
Correct Answer: C
Benevolent = kind/generous. Opposite = malevolent (wicked/hostile).
Q6. General Aptitude
If 3x + 2 = 11, then x = ?
A. 1
B. 3
C. 4
D. 2
Correct Answer: B
3x = 9 → x = 3.
Q7. Networks
Thevenin's theorem is used to simplify:
A. Non-linear circuits
B. Linear circuits
C. Digital circuits
D. Magnetic circuits
Correct Answer: B
Thevenin's theorem applies to linear circuits (voltage source + series resistance).
Q8. Networks
In an RC circuit, the time constant is:
A. R + C
B. RC
C. R/C
D. C/R
Correct Answer: B
τ = RC (time for voltage to reach 63.2% of final value).
Q9. Networks
Kirchhoff's current law is based on:
A. Conservation of energy
B. Conservation of charge
C. Ohm's law
D. Faraday's law
Correct Answer: B
KCL: sum of currents entering = sum leaving (charge conservation).
Q10. Networks
The impedance of a capacitor of capacitance C at frequency ω is:
A. jωC
B. 1/(jωC)
C. ωC
D. 1/(ωC)
Correct Answer: B
Zc = 1/(jωC) = -j/(ωC).
Q11. Networks
The power dissipated in a resistor R with current I is:
A. IR
B. I²R
C. V²R
D. IR²
Correct Answer: B
P = I²R = V²/R = VI.
Q12. Analog
An ideal op-amp has infinite:
A. Output impedance
B. Input impedance
C. Bandwidth
D. Both B and C
Correct Answer: D
Ideal op-amp: infinite input impedance, zero output impedance, infinite gain.
Q13. Analog
A diode in forward bias has:
A. High resistance
B. Low resistance
C. Infinite resistance
D. Zero current
Correct Answer: B
Forward bias: diode conducts with low resistance (~0.7 V drop for Si).
Q14. Analog
A transistor has three terminals: base, collector, and:
A. Gate
B. Drain
C. Emitter
D. Source
Correct Answer: C
BJT terminals: Base, Collector, Emitter. FET: Gate, Drain, Source.
Q15. Analog
The purpose of a heat sink in power amplifiers is to:
A. Increase gain
B. Reduce distortion
C. Dissipate heat
D. Increase bandwidth
Correct Answer: C
Heat sink dissipates excess heat from power transistors to prevent thermal damage.
Q16. Analog
The gain of a non-inverting amplifier with Rf=10 kΩ and R1=1 kΩ is:
A. 10
B. 11
C. 9
D. 1
Correct Answer: B
Gain = 1 + Rf/R1 = 1 + 10 = 11.
Q17. Analog
A Zener diode is used for:
A. Rectification
B. Amplification
C. Voltage regulation
D. Switching
Correct Answer: C
Zener diode maintains constant voltage in reverse breakdown → voltage regulator.
Q18. Digital
Binary equivalent of decimal 15 is:
A. 1010
B. 1100
C. 1111
D. 1001
Correct Answer: C
15 = 8+4+2+1 = 1111₂.
Q19. Digital
Which flip-flop has no race condition?
A. SR
B. JK
C. Master-slave JK
D. D
Correct Answer: C
Master-slave JK flip-flop eliminates race-around condition.
Q20. Digital
How many AND gates are needed for 8-to-1 multiplexer?
A. 4
B. 6
C. 8
D. 16
Correct Answer: C
8-to-1 MUX needs 8 AND gates (one per input) + 1 OR gate.
Q21. Digital
The number of input lines for 3-to-8 decoder is:
A. 8
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Correct Answer: C
3-to-8 decoder: 3 inputs, 8 outputs.
Q22. Digital
The output of XOR gate with inputs (1,1) is:
A. 1
B. 0
C. High impedance
D. Don't care
Correct Answer: B
XOR: output 1 when inputs differ, 0 when same. 1⊕1 = 0.
Q23. Digital
A counter with 4 flip-flops can count up to:
A. 8
B. 16
C. 4
D. 32
Correct Answer: B
4-bit counter: 2⁴ = 16 states (0 to 15).
Q24. Networks
The RMS value of sinusoidal voltage v = 10 sin(ωt) is:
A. 10 V
B. 7.07 V
C. 5 V
D. 14.14 V
Correct Answer: B
Vrms = Vm/√2 = 10/1.414 = 7.07 V.
Q25. Analog
The bandwidth of an ideal bandpass filter is:
A. Zero
B. Equal to center frequency
C. Difference of cut-off frequencies
D. Infinite
Correct Answer: C
BW = fH - fL where fH and fL are upper and lower cut-off frequencies.
Q26. Networks
Two 10 Ω resistors in parallel give equivalent resistance:
A. 20 Ω
B. 5 Ω
C. 10 Ω
D. 2.5 Ω
Correct Answer: B
1/Rp = 1/10 + 1/10 = 2/10 → Rp = 5 Ω.
Q27. Digital
A 4-bit R-2R DAC uses resistors of values:
A. Only R
B. Only 2R
C. R and 2R
D. R, 2R, 4R
Correct Answer: C
R-2R ladder DAC uses only R and 2R resistors for binary-weighted conversion.
Q28. General Aptitude
The average of first 5 prime numbers is:
A. 5.6
B. 5.6
C. 6.5
D. 5
Correct Answer: B
Primes: 2,3,5,7,11. Sum=28, Avg=28/5=5.6.
Q29. Analog
Class A amplifier has conduction angle of:
A. 90°
B. 180°
C. 360°
D. 270°
Correct Answer: C
Class A: conducts for full 360° of input cycle → low efficiency (~25%).
Q30. Digital
The memory size with 10 address lines and 8 data lines is:
A. 1 KB
B. 1 KB
C. 8 KB
D. 10 KB
Correct Answer: B
2¹⁰ × 8 = 1024 × 8 = 1 KB.